Transitioning towards environmentally benign marine antifouling coatings

Marine biofouling has been an issue since antiquity whose solutions have a history of negative environmental impact. The development environmentally sustainable is paramount as society becoming more conscious anthropogenic impacts on the global ecosystem, particularly oceans. Herein we include brief overview common strategies in marine antifouling coatings terms their efficacy, durability, and We discuss technical challenges to coatings; barriers incentives market uptake; advocate necessity multi-stakeholder collaboration, including scientists, engineers, industry groups, regulators, toward marketable coating solutions.